Panama is a tropical country with lush rainforests, coastlines, and warm weather, which makes it an appealing destination for travelers but also a place where mosquito-borne illnesses can occur. The two main concerns for visitors are malaria and dengue fever. Malaria exists in certain rural areas, especially along the eastern provinces near the Darién region and some indigenous territories. Dengue, on the other hand, is more widespread and can occur in both rural and urban areas, including cities. While the risk varies depending on where you travel, it’s important to be aware of both diseases before your trip.
Dengue fever is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which bites during the daytime. Unlike malaria, there is no vaccine widely available to tourists (except in certain countries under specific conditions) and no preventive medication. Symptoms include fever, body aches, headaches, and rash, sometimes referred to as "breakbone fever" because of its painful effects. Malaria, transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, generally occurs in rural or jungle areas and can cause fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. Travelers heading to remote areas may be prescribed malaria prophylaxis by their doctor.
As a precaution, travelers to Panama should focus on effective mosquito protection. Wearing long, loose-fitting clothing, especially in the early morning and late afternoon, helps reduce exposure. Using insect repellent with DEET or picaridin is strongly recommended, as well as sleeping under a mosquito net if you are staying in rural or jungle regions. In cities and more developed tourist areas, accommodations often have screens and fans or air-conditioning, which also reduce the risk of bites.
Before traveling, it is wise to consult a travel clinic or healthcare provider to discuss whether malaria medication is needed for your specific itinerary. Most visitors to Panama City, Boquete, Bocas del Toro, or the Pacific beaches face minimal malaria risk, but precautions against dengue are important everywhere. By combining medical advice, mosquito protection, and smart travel planning, you can minimize your risk and enjoy Panama’s natural beauty safely.